Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• patterns. Here, photonic-crystal BIC cavities encircled by the photonic bandgap of lateral heterostructures are designed. The mirror-like photonic bandgap exhibits strong side leakage suppression to confine the mode profile in the designed cavity. Multiple bulk quantized modes are observed both in

• simulations. Our findings have potential applications regarding the mode selectivity in BIC devices to manipulate the lasing mode in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers or the radiation pattern in nonlinear optics. Keywords: bound states in the continuum; bulk modes analysis; photonic crystal

• of the setup to test the scattering field of a small cavity could be steps for further studies. Mode excitation efficiency and illumination position dependence enable laser mode modulation in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) [17][41][42][43], as well as the control of the radiation

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 10.3762/bjnano.14.27 Abstract We elucidate that guided modes supported by a regular photonic crystal slab structure composed of a square lattice of air holes in a silicon slab will transition into quasi-guided (leaky) modes when the radius of every second column of

• superior properties will provide a new platform for efficient light–matter interactions. Keywords: guided modes; light–matter interactions; photonic crystal slab; Introduction Photonic resonances with the possibility of free-space excitation (i.e., leaky modes) and large local electromagnetic field

• enhancement are central for the manipulation of light–matter interactions. Optical resonators of various forms have been exploited for this purpose. What follows are a few representative examples investigated in the last several decades: Photonic crystal cavities are realized when small disorders or defects

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• observed around 457 nm (Figure 5e). The position and the width of the absorbance peaks in the UV–vis spectroscopy are determined by the Bragg diffraction of the light in photonic crystal structures and depend on the particle size, extent of the periodicity (i.e., quality of the assembly), and the angle of

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• ) hydrocarbons has been analyzed. The reconstitution of spectral parameters of the sensor during the periodic detection of saturated vapors of toluene has been evaluated. Keywords: diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; photonic crystal sensor; stimuli-responsive materials; Introduction Photonic crystals (PhCs

• ability to control selectivity in molecularly imprinted sensors and the simple visual response in photonic crystal sensors make it promising and even mandatory to combine these two approaches. In our previous study, the optimal parameters of polystyrene (PS) particles for sensor matrices for saturated

• effective refractive index of the photonic crystal can be obtained [37][38]. The effective refractive index of the structure without PDMS is 1.525, with PDMS it is 1.599, and the average diameter of the particles is 197.5 nm and 201.5 nm, respectively. The obtained average diameters of the polystyrene

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• natural photonic crystals remain essentially undetermined due to the great difficulties in measuring the dielectric response at the nanometric scale [11]. The nanometric local relative permittivity of a natural photonic crystal has not been directly measured yet. Fumagalli et al. [12][13][14][15], and

• [17][18][19]; nanostructures which make it a natural photonic crystal. We obtain quantitative information about the wing structure and its local relative permittivity values. We also simulate the optical reflectance using the extracted spatial profile of the relative permittivity and compare it with

• permittivity of a natural photonic crystal. We showed how to obtain maps of the relative static permittivity with nanometric resolution, thus obtaining direct information about the internal structure of biological systems and their dielectric properties on the nanoscale. We applied the method to map the static

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• stuctures are investigated at different platforms aiming for Fano resonance. Fano-type transmission phenomenona were observed in photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide–cavity systems [17][18]. The PhC waveguide is a line defect formed by removing a row of rods or air holes. The cavity is a point defect formed by

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• the local density of states of the emitters is needed. So far, other photonics structures in SiC have been shown, such as photonic crystal cavities in cubic SiC for enhancing the emission of the divacancy VSiVC and of VSi [18][46][47], microdisks for enhancing visible interface defects [48][49

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• attracted great interest because of a possible application in visual sensors. The appearance of a photonic crystal is mainly influenced by the optical properties, structural parameters and the observation angle. In this work, an angle-sensitive photonic crystal with nanoscale gratings was fabricated through

• reverse nanoimprint lithography. The periodicity and the structural color were investigated through measuring reflection spectra. The structural color of the photonic crystal has a period of 90°. Distinctive colors spanning the entire visible spectrum can be seen when the crystal is rotated. In addition

• , there is a blue-shift of the peak wavelength when the observation angle is increased. An equation for the observed wavelength as a function of the observation angle is proposed. Keywords: observation angle; photonic crystal; reverse nanoimprint lithography; structural color; visualized sensor

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• resulting fibers exhibited structural colors of blue, green, and red when the PS spheres with a diameter of 185, 230 and 290 nm, respectively, were employed [33][34][35]. A natural sedimentation method was also used to prepare a structurally colored SiO2 photonic crystal film. Changing the incident light

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• have been performed alongside. Photonic crystal-based nanostructures were employed to enhance the electroluminescence of Si nanoclusters with a broad emission band in the near IR region [23] and also of the emission line of Er embedded in SiNCs at telecom wavelengths [24][25]. In 2013, we have shown

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• photonic-crystal waveguide [28]. The authors integrated LEDs on top of a SiNx membrane photonic crystal and deposited electrical contacts. The photonic crystal waveguide was shown to efficiently guide the electroluminescence over a distance of about 20 µm. Brubaker et al. realized on-chip optical coupling

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• enhance the LEE of short-wavelength purple and ultraviolet LEDs by 1.4–2.5 times that of a traditional LED [14]. Ryu et al. adopted anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to produce a photonic crystal structure at the n-GaN layer of LEDs, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that screw

• , abbreviated as YAP:Ce) and reduced the total reflection of light via surface roughening. The LEE of the LED was approximately two times that of traditional LEDs [16]. The use of a high-index-contrast photonic crystal [17][18] and colloidal-based microsphere arrays in conventional top-emitting LEDs [19], and

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• Sejeong Kim Milos Toth Igor Aharonovich School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.12 Abstract We propose and design photonic crystal cavities (PCCs) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for diverse photonic and quantum

• -resonators such as a high chemical stability and an excellent thermal conductivity [22][23]. In this work, we propose to use hBN for the fabrication of photonic crystal cavities (PCCs). We design two dimensional (2D) PCCs and show that they have high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances in the visible

• cavities and monolithic coupled systems made from this material. Results and Discussion We begin with a 2D photonic crystal that contains a line defect cavity. The L3 cavity has been widely investigated because it was the first to exceed an experimental Q-factor of 10,000 [26][27]. In this study, we used a

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• transition temperature, thus improving the thermo- and electro-optical properties of the PLCF. Keywords: fiber optics; gold nanoparticle; liquid crystal; phase transition temperature; photonic crystal fiber; Introduction Since their discovery in 1888, liquid crystals (LCs) have attracted nonstop research

• stable due to relatively weak interactions of dopant particles [14]. Up to now, NP-doped LCs have been reported mostly in LC cells. In this paper, we present the experimental results of electro- and thermo-optic properties of LC cells as well as silica glass microcapillaries (MCs) and photonic crystal

• external electric field (with a focus on switching time). In the first part, different host structures were used: i) a LC cell, ii) microcapillaries, and iii) a photonic crystal fiber, in order to compare the influence of a NP-doped LC in setups with different geometries. This also allowed us to specify if

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• -phase analytes. Additionally, local electromagnetic hotspots and fano resonances generated at the surface are much more accessible by design in photonic crystal systems due to the intrinsically controllable geometry of the array openings. In contrast, the interaction of nanoparticles can be used to

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• -ordered structures, which is a main requirement for other materials providing naked-eye optical gas detection (e.g., inverse opals). The sensing range of the current system is comparable to inverse opal systems. Zhang et al. demonstrated that a silole-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal exhibit

Flexible photonic crystal membranes with nanoparticle high refractive index layers

• Torben Karrock,
• Moritz Paulsen and
• Martina Gerken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.22

• Torben Karrock Moritz Paulsen Martina Gerken Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, Kiel, 24143, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.22 Abstract Flexible photonic crystal slabs with an area of 2 cm2 are fabricated by nanoimprint

• ; flexible membrane; nanostructure; photonic crystal; resonance shift; Introduction Photonic crystal slabs (also called resonance waveguide gratings) consist of a guiding layer with high refractive index on a nanostructured substrate. A subwavelength grating gives the incident light a lateral momentum and

• thus allows the coupling from incident waves to quasi-guided modes and vice versa [1][2]. Photonic crystal slabs feature guided mode resonances (GMRs) which are observed as dips or peaks with a Fano line shape in the transmission and the reflection spectrum [3]. The resonance wavelength depends on the

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• . In this work, we demonstrate structural colour in a photonic crystal device comprised of alternating layers of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, exhibiting spectral shifts of around 10 nm for an applied voltage of only 10 V. The accumulation of charge at the metal/dielectric

• switching; photonic crystal; plasmonic nanoparticles; Introduction Structural colour is colour due to the Bragg reflection (in photonic structures for example) as opposed to colour from pigments or colour centres [1]. The active tuning of the structural colour in photonic crystals is a subject that has

• evidence of structural colour tuning with an electric field in a one-dimensional photonic crystal made of alternating layers of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. We have observed a blue shift of about 10 nm with an applied voltage of 10 V. We give an interpretation of the phenomenon

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• this interpretation even further where the results have been obtained using a different laser source. We utilized a custom built Yb:KGW solitary mode-locked oscillator combined with a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber for spectral broadening. The pulses were subsequently sent into a 4f pulse shaper for

Tunable light filtering by a Bragg mirror/heavily doped semiconducting nanocrystal composite

• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 193–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.18

• : active optical component; electronic band gap nanostructure; localized surface plasmon resonance; photonic crystal; Introduction Optical filters are fundamental components employed in almost all optical setups and devices. For example, they play a very important role in microfluidic devices, which are

• modified, we envisage a filter with properties that can be fine-tuned through a broad range of frequencies according to the desired application. Theoretical Methods To calculate the transmission spectra of the photonic crystal component in the structure, the transfer matrix method was employed, which is a

• its active filtering modulation. Shown here is the transmission spectrum for the coupling of the Bragg mirror to the Cu2−xSe NC dispersion (Figure 4a) and to the ITO NC films (Figure 4b). We clearly observe that (with respect to the photonic crystal alone) the composite shows a larger band

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

• provide any explanation about the amplification mechanism, they were able to ascribe the result to both optical and structural effects. More interestingly, the authors studied the possibility to increase the SFG signal of H-terminated surfaces in a photonic crystal structure, namely a Fabry–Perot

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• example, Zhang and co-workers have investigated the influence of different sizes of gold nanoparticles on the performance of the composite Au/TiO2 nanotube photonic crystal (NTPC) photocatalysts [72]. As described in Figure 6, a variable photocurrent density can be obtained if the TiO2 NTPC is modified

• nanoparticles and the photonic bandgap of photonic crystal as the main reason for Au (556)/TiO2 NTPC to display the best photoelectrochemical performance among three different sizes of Au/TiO2 NTPC photocatalysts. There are also other groups of nanoarchitectures such as silver nanoparticle–WO3 [81], gold

Aerosol assisted fabrication of two dimensional ZnO island arrays and honeycomb patterns with identical lattice structures

• Mitsuhiro Numata and
• Yoshihiro Koide

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 71–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.9

• with contrasting fill fractions of the materials. Keywords: aerosol; photonic crystal; polystyrene bead; TiO2; ZnO; Findings The wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and large exciton-binding energy (60 meV) of ZnO renders it a promising candidate for inexpensive transparent conductors and for optical applications